Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Clinical Competencies in the Management of Self-Limiting Health Conditions (Psal-Brazil)

Pharmacy Practice

  • Audinei de Sousa Moura1Evidence and Pharmaceutical Studies Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
  • Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares1Evidence and Pharmaceutical Studies Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
  • Wellington Barros da Silva2Federal University of Sergipe, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
  • Rodrigo Fonseca Lima1Evidence and Pharmaceutical Studies Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.
  • Rafael Santos Santana1Evidence and Pharmaceutical Studies Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil.

Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 1-12

DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2025.1.3029

Abstract

Background: The management of self-limiting health conditions (PSAL) is a service generally performed by professional pharmacists in community pharmacies, which directly impacts in the reduction of demand for other levels of care in the public health system. To achieve this, pharmacists must invest in their continued education in order to further develop their clinical skills. Objective: To develop and validate a clinical skills assessment instrument to be used to train pharmaceutical professionals and undergraduate students to manage self-limiting health conditions. Methods: Firstly, the assessment instrument was developed, based on a literature review. Then, the instrument was validated using the Delphi Method. Experts were invited to evaluate the instrument on five criteria. For content validation, the Content Validation Index (CVI) was calculated and items were considered validated if the CVI ≥ 0.80. For internal consistency analysis, Cronbach's Alpha was used. Results: Of the 26 invited experts, 19 participated in the first round and 17 in the second. Items (13) Monitoring and (14) Verbal communication, from the initial version, did not reach consensus in terms of objectivity (0.79) and clarity (0.79), respectively. After the changes suggested by the experts were made, a second round was carried out, in which all items reached consensus, CVI ≥ 0.80. Other suggestions were accepted and the final version of the instrument addressed 15 questions to analyze the quality of the service and one question to assess the level of clinical skills development, as initial, intermediate or advanced. The Cronbach's Alpha average increased significantly from the first to the second round. Conclusion: The PSAL-BRASIL assessment instrument was validated with a desirable level of consensus and demonstrated a level of internal consistency classified as almost perfect, seeking to be a reference in the development of clinical skills necessary for pharmaceutical care of self-limiting health conditions.

Keywords

  • pharmaceutical care
  • surveys and questionnaires
  • validation studies
  • clinical pharmacy
  • pharmaceutical education
Pharmacy Practice

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