A comparison of the effect of omega-3 alone versus omega-3/Vitamin D3 co-supplementation therapy on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in adults with vitamin D deficiency

Pharmacy Practice

  • Beisan A. Mohammad1Pharmaceutical Sciences Department- PharmD Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.
  • Ghaleb Ali Oriquat2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
  • Heba A Khader3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, PO Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
  • Husni Shukri Farah4Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
  • Ahmad R. Alsayed5Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.
  • Jehad F. Alhmoud6Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
  • Mohammad A. A Al-Najjar7Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Kingdom of Jordan.
  • Luai Hasoun5Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.
  • Shaimaa M. Abdelhalim8Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.
  • Shady H. Awwad9Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.
  • Mahmoud S. Abu-Samak5Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.

Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 1-9

DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2025.1.3050

Abstract

Background: Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplementation may improve total hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in people with normal or low vitamin D levels. However, there was no agreement on the potential therapeutic benefit of n-3FA on vitamin D toxicity. Objective: The current randomized controlled clinical study (RCT) sought to determine if daily omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplementation affected 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Methods: One hundred and twenty Jordanians aged 22 to 55 were randomly allocated into three groups supplemented with the dose of 50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly (D3) alone, 300 mg n-3FA taken daily (n-3FA) alone, or their combination (50,000 IU VD3 taken weekly + 300 mg n-3FA taken daily (D+). In addition, fasting baseline and follow-up (ten weeks; eight weeks supplementation plus two weeks washout) of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and leptin were assayed. Results: The n-3FA supplementation significantly decreased mean serum 25OHD levels (11.97±4.6 vs 16.5±4.8, P<0.001) compared with their peers in the D3 group who showed a significant increase in 25OHD levels (41.15±11.7 vs 19.34±6.8, P<0.001). The follow-up PTH mean levels were proportionally accompanied by significant alterations of 25OHD levels in the two study groups. Conclusions: This novel RCT provides that eight weeks of n-3FA therapy significantly reduced 25OHD levels, which adverse effects may accompany vitamin D status and its health-related consequences, such as bone homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 conditions.

Keywords

  • vitamin d3
  • omega-3
  • vitamin d toxicity
  • cardiovascular disease
  • covid-19
Pharmacy Practice

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