Self-Medication in the UAE: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of OTC Drug Use and Consumer satisfaction

Abstract

Objectives: Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is a widespread practice that provides convenience and cost savings but also raises concerns about misuse and safety. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), limited studies have assessed consumer satisfaction and self-medication patterns. Understanding these factors is essential for promoting safe and effective self-care practices. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult residents of the UAE (≥18 years) who had used OTC medications. A structured questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, medication usage patterns, sources of information, motivations for self-medication, and consumer satisfaction. Exclusion criteria included healthcare professionals and individuals with incomplete responses. Data were collected digitally using QR code-linked surveys, and statistical analysis was performed to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and OTC medication use. Results: Among 211 participants, 114 (54%) reported regular OTC medication use. Usage was higher among females (n = 66, 58%) compared to males (n = 48, 42%), and among employed individuals (n = 71, 62%). The most commonly used OTC medications were analgesics, antipyretics, and respiratory treatments. Healthcare providers were the primary source of recommendations (n = 62, 49%), followed by friends and relatives (n = 44, 35%). The primary motivations for self-medication included the ability to treat mild illnesses independently (n = 85, 23%), keeping OTC medications at home for emergencies (n = 61, 17%), and avoiding hospital visits (n = 48, 13%). Consumer satisfaction was high, particularly regarding effectiveness (n = 93, 82%) and availability (n = 94, 82%), though concerns about cost were noted, with 44% (n = 49) expressing dissatisfaction. Conclusions: OTC medication use is prevalent in the UAE, driven by accessibility, affordability, and consumer confidence. While satisfaction levels are generally high, concerns about affordability and potential safety risks highlight the need for targeted public health strategies. Healthcare professionals and policymakers should implement educational initiatives to ensure responsible self-medication practices and enhance patient awareness of potential risks.